5.six.2 Postaxial cervical vertebrae
PEFO 34561 does not manage any post-axial anterior cervical backbone, so this dysfunction mainly is founded on PEFO 33861, PEFO 34269, and you will PEFO 34833 (Contour 8e). New centra is actually anteroposteriorly quick; the brand new anteroposterior period of this new centrum was two-thirds their top. The new diapophysis can be found toward dorsolateral epidermis of your centrum whereas the newest parapophysis is toward ventrolateral skin. In-between you will find moderately so you can well-set up low-pneumatic fossae. Ventrally, the centra has actually well-set up keels. The sensory arch and you may back try dorsoventrally tall versus centrum; review regarding PEFO 33861 and you may PEFO 34833 signifies that the latest sensory lower back screens self-confident allometry relative to the brand new centrum. The fresh neural spine is actually posteriorly placed and you will slightly overhangs the fresh new centrum. It’s sideways compacted and you will anteroposteriorly thin, which have an extremely moderate extension at dorsal idea. The fresh new zygapophyses are founded fifty°–55° regarding lateral. The fresh postzygapophysis and has now a highly-create epipophysis thanks to at the very least new last cervical vertebra (centered on PEFO 34833). The current presence of blog post-axial epipophyses is important because this reputation features a small shipments when you look at the archosaurs, and they are only contained in R. callenderi, saurischian dinosaurs, B. kupferzellensis, V. campi (elizabeth.grams., PEFO 33978), X. sapingensis (IVPP V6026), Age. okeeffeae (AMNH FR 30587), and you can Hesperosuchus agilis (AMNH FR 6758; Langer & Benton, 2006 ; Nesbitt, 2011 ).
This new morphology of middle to help you posterior cervical vertebrae is comparable to the a great deal more prior cervical vertebrae than the trunk spinal vertebrae inside they have light ventral keels and you will lack collection of vertebral laminae; yet not, the latest centrum is more equant within its size (Contour 8f). In addition, new diapophysis is available on the neural arc, the new zygapophyses is proportionally bigger than significantly more anterior backbone, the latest postzygapophyses run out of epipophyses, as well as the transverse expansion of the dorsal margin of your sensory spine is ideal created. Hence, this new posterior cervical vertebrae are transitional inside the morphology between your prior cervical in addition to middle-trunk vertebrae.
5.6.step three Trunk area backbone
Persisted the new pattern observed in the latest cervical collection, the first two trunk area spinal vertebrae (influenced by brand new related rib particular) also are transitional inside morphology (Figure 8g) involving the cervical vertebrae and also the trunk area backbone nearer to the fresh new sacrum. The new centra try anteroposteriorly more than dorsoventrally high, as well as the centrum faces is actually amphicoelous. The back centra use up all your ventral ridges on the midline (= ventral keels). The prezygapophysis is founded 29° from lateral, while brand new postzygapophysis was depending merely 20° regarding lateral. New neural spine is much more extended anteroposteriorly than in the latest cervical vertebrae; which extension comes from really-set-up dorsoventral laminae towards the prior and posterior edges of the sensory back. This new dorsal portion of the neural lower back is prolonged laterally on the an extensive “spine table” that have a condo dorsal body, like aetosaurs (e.grams.,D. spurensis, MNA V9300). For the dorsal consider, these types of spine dining tables try center-shaped for the apex of the cardio pointing posteriorly. The fresh new diapophysis and you can parapophysis try linked because of the a highly-establish paradiapophyseal lamina; so it lamina is found in almost every other archosaurs (elizabeth.g., Nesbitt, 2005b ), however it is particularly higher on these vertebrae of Roentgen. callenderi. Brand new parapophysis is based on neural arch, however it is not dorsal towards the dorsalmost expansion of your centrum. The original several trunk vertebrae have meagerly create centroprezygapophyseal, centropostzygapophyseal, spinoprezygapophyseal, spinopostzygapophyseal, prezygodiapophyseal, postzygodiapophyseal, and you may intrapostzygapophyseal laminae distinguishing him or her on cervical backbone (Wilson, 1999 ).
step 1.25pared for the first two trunk spinal vertebrae, new biker planet ne demek parapophysis is significantly nearer to the brand new diapophysis; the parapophysis merely anteromedial into the diapophysis and generally are connected from the a small paradiapophyseal lamina. The newest centrozygapophyseal and you will spinozygapophyseal laminae are not because obvious from the even more rear trunk vertebrae, although the intrapostzygapophyseal lamina stays line of, and you will a great intrina can be acquired. The fresh neural spines was cardio-shaped such as the transitional spinal vertebrae, but they are some so much more anteroposteriorly elongate.
